Incidencia de distintas frecuencias de corte en parámetros nutritivos de pasturas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) de distinto grado de reposo invernal / Incidence of cutoff frequency in nutritional parameters of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) of different degrees of winter rest

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad nutricional en 3 cultivares de alfalfa, pertenecientes a diferentes grupos de reposo invernal (GRI), sometidos a dos frecuencias de corte, durante un año del cultivo, fundamentado en que es abundante la información existente en estudios realizados en productividad, cobertura y persistencia, no así en la determinación de calidad de forraje sometidos a diferentes frecuencias de cortes y de GRI contrastantes. Se utilizaron tres cultivares (GR6-Verzy), (GR9-Mecha) y (GR10-Ruano). El diseño experimental fue de parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones. Se establecieron 2 tratamientos definidos por los intervalos entre cortes: T1: 25 días y T2: 35 días. Estos fueron precisados para las estaciones de primavera, verano y otoño. En invierno el intervalo fue de 45 y 55 días en T1 y T2, respectivamente. Las variables evaluadas fueron: porcentaje de materia seca (% MS), porcentaje de proteína bruta (% PB), porcentaje de fibra detergente neutro (% FDN) y porcentaje de fibra detergente ácido (% FDA). Se encontraron diferencias significativas para todas las variables nutricionales estudiadas, para ambos tratamientos. Se observó interacción entre cultivares y tratamiento para % PB. Los cultivares estudiados con diferentes GRI, no expresaron diferencias significativas en los parámetros de calidad evaluados para ninguna de las frecuencias de corte realizadas. La frecuencia de corte de 35 días arrojó los menores % PB y mayores % FDN y % FDA, por lo cual el forraje resulta para esta frecuencia de menor calidad, llevando a la disminución de la digestibilidad y aprovechamiento de la pastura para el ganado.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional quality in 3 cultivars of alfalfa, belonging to different winter dormancy (GRI), subjected to two cutting frequencies during one year of cultivation, based on the abundant information existing in studies carried out in productivity, coverage and persistence, not so in the determination of quality of forage subjected to different frequencies of cuts and contrasting GRI. Three cultivars (GR6-Verzy), (GR9-Mecha) and (GR10-Ruano) were tested. The experimental design was a complete split plot with four repetitions. Two treatments defined by the cutting intervals were established: T1: 25 days and T2: 35 days. These were specified for spring, summer and fall seasons. For winter the interval was 45 and 55 days in T1 and T2, respectively. The evaluated variables were: percentage of dry matter (% DM), percentage of crude protein (% PB), percentage of neutral detergent fiber (% FDN) and percentage of acid detergent fiber (% FDA). Significant differences were found for all the nutritional variables studied, for both treatment with p <0.05 with InfoStat program. Interaction between cultivars and treatment was observed for % PB. The 35 days cutoff frequency of yielded the lowest percentages of PB and the highest percentages of FDN and FDA. Hence the forage resulting from this frequency is of a lower quality, leading to decreased digestibility and lower performance of pasture for livestock.

Identification and characterization of Lactobacillus bacterial genera most prevalent used to improve silage digestibility of important forage species for livestock sector.

The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria and their effect as a microbial inoculants in silage digestibility of Lolium perenne –Trifolium pratense (Rye grass - Red clover) (RG-RC), Avena sativa – Vicia sativa (Oat-Vetch) (O-V) and Corn Stover Zea mays (Corn) (C). The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three mixtures were identified at 40 day of evolution of micro silages. Morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques were used to characterize the isolates lactic acid bacteria. The following species were identified from the mixture namely Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici. 54 micro silages with each feed material were produced, 27 micro silos were inoculated with bacteria’s and the rest was used as a control. The nutritional value of protein, ether extract (EE), ash, energy, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) at 20, 30 and 40 days of ensilage was compared. The percentage of each in vitro digestibility of treatments performed on day 40 was obtained that corresponded best A-V and RG-TR inoculated with bacteria as they were 35% and 41% more digestible than the control treatments appropriate, concluding that the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria facilitated improved digestibility of silage obtaining good nutritional quality, with optimal values. These results will enable future research on the relationship between LAB species and silage fermentation quality. Use of lactic acid bacteria is recommended as an additive to improve the nutritional quality of food animals as alternative in times of scarcity of fodder or as a supplement to improve the nutritional status of livestock herd.

Effect of glutamine on serum CEA, AFP and T cell immune function in postoperative patients with gastric cancer / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine on the serum carcino embryonie antigen (CEA) , alpha fetal protein (AFP) and T cell immune function in postoperative patients with gastric cancer.Methods 52 postoperative patients with gastric cancer from Yiwu Central Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimenal group, 26 cases in each group.The control group received routine nutritional therapy, and experimental group received alanyl -glutamine injection on the basis of control group.The serum nutritional parameters, CEA, AFP, CD4 +T, CD8 +T levels were compared post-treatment.Results Compared with control group post-treatment, the serum albumin (ALB) and pre-albumin (PA) levels were higher (P<0.05), the CEA and AFP levels were lower (P<0.05),the serum levels of CD4 +T and CD4 +T/CD8 +T were higher (P<0.05),CD8 +T level were lower (P<0.05).Conclusion Glutamine could significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with gastric cancer after surgery,and it is speculated that the mechanism may be the increase of serum ALB, PA levels, the decrease of CEA, AFP levels and the improvement of immune function.

Energy restriction and impact on indirect calorimetry and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue in rat.

Caloric restriction, defined as a reduction in calorie intake below ad libitum, without malnutrition can have beneficial effects. In this study, we evaluated the impact of caloric restriction of 30 and 60% on calorimetric parameters and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8): G1 = control; G2 = rats exposed to dietary restriction of 30%; and G3 = rats exposed to dietary restriction of 60%. Energy restriction decreased final body weight, oxidation of carbohydrates and lipid, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), resting metabolic rate (RMR), but elevated respiratory quotient (RQ). G3 animals also displayed an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system, as revealed by the decrease in the lipid hydroperoxide (LH) level and GSH-Px activity in heart tissue. In conclusion, dietary restriction decreased oxidative metabolism, as seen by the colorimetric profiles and controlled oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.

Levels of supplementation for grazing pregnant beef heifers / Níveis de suplementação para novilhas de corte prenhes em pastejo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different levels of multiple supplement supply on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of pregnant heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. during the dry season. The experimental area was composed of four 3.0-ha paddocks with potentially digestible dry matter availability of 1,863 kg/ha. Twenty four crossbred heifers at 32 months and average initial body weight of 416±6 kg were used. The experimental design was in a completely randomized. The treatments consisted of mineral supplement and supply 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kg/animal/day of multiple supplement. The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake showed increasing linear relationship (P<0.10) with multiple supplement levels. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of DM, OM and non-fibrous carbohydrates also had linear effect (P<0.10) on the multiple supplementation levels. The microbial nitrogen flow and efficiency there was not affect (P>0.10) by levels of multiple supplementation; however the microbial nitrogen flow in relation to nitrogen intake showed decreasing linear profile (P<0.10). On the average daily gain was observed quadratic effect of multiple supplementation (P<0.10). In conclusion, the supply of 1.5 kg of multiple supplement optimizes the performance of grazing heifers during the dry season.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de suplemento múltiplo sobre as características nutricionais e o desempenho produtivo de novilhas prenhes sob pastejo em Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. no período da seca. A área experimental constituiu-se de quatro piquetes de 3,0 hectares cada, com disponibilidade média de matéria seca potencialmente digestível (MSpd) de 1863 kg/ha. Os animais experimentais foram 24 novilhas prenhes mestiças com predominância de sangue zebuíno com idade e peso médio inicial de 32 meses e 416±6 kg, respectivamente, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em suplemento mineral e fornecimento de 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 kg/animal/dia de suplemento múltiplo. Verificou-se efeito quadrático dos níveis de fornecimento de suplemento múltiplo (P<0,10) sobre o ganho médio diário. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e nutrientes digestíveis totais apresentaram relação linear crescente (P<0,10) com os níveis de fornecimento de suplemento múltiplo. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO e CNF apresentaram perfil linear crescente (P<0,10) para os níveis de suplementação múltipla. Não houve efeito dos níveis de suplementação múltipla sobre o fluxo de compostos nitrogenados microbianos e eficiência de síntese microbiana, mas o fluxo de compostos nitrogenados microbiano em relação ao nitrogênio ingerido apresentou perfil linear decrescente (P<0,10). O fornecimento de 1,5 kg de suplemento múltiplo otimiza o desempenho de novilhas prenhes em pastejo no período da seca, mas não influencia o consumo de matéria seca do pasto e o fluxo de compostos nitrogenados microbianos.

Combining molecular-marker and chemical analysis of Capparis deciduas (Capparaceae) in the Thar Desert of Western Rajasthan (India)

The Thar Desert, a very inhospitable place, accommodates only plant species that survive acute drought, unpredictable precipitation, and those can grow in the limited moisture of sandy soils. Capparis decidua is among one of the few plants able to grow well under these conditions. This species is highly exploited and has been naturally taken, as local people use it for various purposes like food, timber and fuel, although, no management or conservation efforts have been established. The present study was conducted in this arid area of Western Rajasthan (India) with the aim to obtain preliminary molecular information about this group of plants. We evaluated diversity among 46 samples of C. decidua using chemical parameters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen chemical parameters and eight minerals (total 22 variables) of this species fruits were estimated. A total of 14 RAPD primers produced 235 band positions, of which 81.27% were polymorphic. Jaccard s similarity coefficients for RAPD primers ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 with a mean genetic similarity of 0.50. As per observed coefficient of variation, NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) content was found to be the most variable trait followed by starch and soluble carbohydrate. The Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient values for chemical parameters ranged between 0.02-0.31 with an average of 0.092. The present study revealed a very low correlation (0.01) between chemical parameters and RAPD-based matrices. The low correlation between chemical- and RAPD-based matrices indicated that the two methods were different and highly variable. The chemical-based diversity will assist in selection of nutritionally rich samples for medicinal purpose, while genetic diversity to face natural challenges and find sustainable ways to promote conservation for future use.

El desierto de Thar, un lugar muy inhóspito, alberga sólo a las especies de plantas capaces de resistir a condiciones de sequía extrema, a las precipitaciones impredecibles, y a las plantas que pueden crecer en la humedad limitada de los suelos arenosos. Capparis decidua se encuentra entre una las pocas plantas capaces de crecer bien en estas condiciones. Esta especie es altamente explotada y se ha tomado de forma natural, así los habitantes locales las han usado para varios propósitos, como alimento, madera y combustible, aunque sin ningún programa de manejo o esfuerzo por conservación. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en esta zona árida del oeste de Rajastán (India) con el objetivo de obtener información molecular preliminar sobre este grupo de plantas. Se evaluó la diversidad entre 46 muestras de C. decidua usando parámetros químicos y marcadores de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD por sus siglas en inglés). Catorce parámetros químicos y ocho minerales (22 variables en total) de los frutos de esta especie fueron estimados. Un total de 14 cebadores para RAPD produjeron 235 posiciones de bandas, de las cuales 81.27% fueron polimórficas. El coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard para los cebadores del RAPD varió entre 0.34 y 0.86 con un promedio de similitud genética de 0.50. De acuerdo con el coeficiente de variación observado, se encontró que el contenido de NDF fue el rasgo más variable, seguido por el almidón y los carbohidratos solubles. Los valores del coeficiente de disimilitud de Manhattan para los parámetros químicos osciló entre 0.02-0.31 con un promedio de 0.092. El presente estudio reveló una correlación muy baja (0.01) entre los parámetros químicos y las matrices basadas en RAPD. La baja correlación entre las matrices químicas y la basada en RAPD indicó que los dos métodos fueron diferentes y altamente variables. El estudio de la diversidad basada en su química ayudará en la selección de muestras nutricionalmente ricas para fines medicinales, mientras que la diversidad genética ayudará a enfrentar los desafíos naturales y encontrar formas sostenibles para promover la conservación de esta plana para uso futuro.

Chemical and genetic diversity among some wild stands of Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae) from the Thar Desert of Rajasthan

The arid Western Rajasthan, where the Thar Desert of India is immersed, is mostly covered by sand dunes, a common landscape. The region has confronted with fragilities of natural resources, low, erratic and ill-distributed rainfall, and is covered up with many perennial hardy shrubs. Calligonum polygonoides, the most common perennial shrub, is widely present in some localities of this Thar Desert. In this study, we evaluated the diversity present among 54 wild Calligonum polygonoides plants, sampled from eight different locations within the Thar Desert. Our methods included chemical/nutritional characteristics and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Both chemical and molecular methods produced wider range of diversity, however, RAPD detected comparatively more diversity. A total of 163 band positions were produced by ten RAPD primers, of which 147 were found polymorphic with 90.18% polymorphism. RAPD-based Jaccard’s similarity coefficients ranged from 0.43-0.89. The analysis of various chemical and mineral constituents revealed that phog is an excellent source of calcium, potassium and phosphorous while relatively poor in zinc. Among minerals, average potassium content was found maximum (2 430mg/100g) with 0.14 CV. Zinc was observed comparably less in quantity while highest variable with CV 0.73. The chemical-based Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient values ranged from 0.01-0.22 with an average of 0.12. The comparison of the clusters obtained based on the chemical and mineral parameters with those of the RAPD data showed that the groups formed in both cases showed different patterns of relationships among the samples. Broader range of diversity might be due to the out breeding behavior of C. polygonoides and indicates the good adaptability of the plants in the region studied. However, low diversity observed in the Bikaner province is alarming and suggests that anthropogenic activities leading to heavy population disturbances can affect the genetic composition of the species in a considerable way.

El árido Rajastán occidental, en donde está inmerso el desierto de Thar en la India, está cubierto principalmente por dunas de arena, un paisaje común. La región ha enfrentado la fragilidad de los recursos naturales, las lluvias escasas, irregulares y mala distribución, y está cubierta con muchos arbustos resistentes perennes. Calligonum polygonoides, el arbusto perenne más común, se encuentra ampliamente en algunas localidades del desierto de Thar. En este estudio, se evaluó la diversidad presente entre 54 plantas silvestres de Calligonum polygonoides, de ocho localidades diferentes del desierto de Thar. Nuestros métodos incluyen características químicas/nutricionales y ADN polimórfico amplificado (RAPD) al azar. Ambos métodos químicos y moleculares producen un amplio rango de la diversidad, sin embargo, RAPD detectó comparativamente mayor diversidad. Un total de 163 posiciones de la banda fueron producidos por diez cebadores RAPD, de los cuales 147 se encontraron polimórficos con un 90.18% de polimorfismo. El coeficiente de RAPD basado en la similitud de Jaccard varió desde 0.43 hasta 0.89. El análisis de varios constituyentes químicos y minerales reveló que Calligonum polygonoides es una excelente fuente de calcio, potasio y fósforo mientras que es relativamente pobre en zinc. Entre los minerales, el contenido de potasio promedio se encontró como máximo (2 430mg/100g), con 0.14 CV. El zinc se observó comparativamente menor en cantidad, pero presentó la mayor variabilidad con CV 0.73. El valor del coefficente de disimilitud de Manhattan varió en un rango de 0.01 hasta 0.22 con un promedio de 0.12. La comparación de los grupos obtenidos según los parámetros químicos y minerales con las de los datos de RAPD mostró que los grupos formados en ambos casos mostraron patrones diferentes de relaciones entre las muestras. Una gama más amplia de la diversidad podría ser debido al comportamiento reproductivo C polygonoides e indica la buena adaptabilidad ...

Nutritional status and body composition after 6 months of patients switching from continuous ambulatorial peritoneal dialysis to automated peritoneal dialysis

Our objective was to determine if automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) leads to changes in nutritional parameters of patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Twenty-six patients (15 males; 50.5 ± 14.3 years) were evaluated during CAPD while training for APD and after 3 and 6 months of APD. Body fat was assessed by the sum of skinfold thickness and the other body compartments were assessed by bioelectrical impedance. During the 6-month follow-up, 12 patients gained more than 1 kg (GW group), 8 patients lost more than 1 kg (LW group), and 6 patients maintained body weight (MW group). Except for length on dialysis that was longer for the LW group compared with the GW group, no other differences were found between the groups at baseline. After 6 months on APD, the LW group had a reduction in body fat (24.5 ± 7.7 vs 22.1 ± 7.3 kg; P = 0.01), body cell mass (22.6 ± 6.2 vs 21.6 ± 5.8 kg, P = 0.02) and phase angle (5.4 ± 0.9 vs 5.1 ± 0.8 degrees, P = 0.004). In the GW group, body fat (25 ± 7.6 vs 27.2 ± 7.6 kg, P = 0.001) and body cell mass (20.1 ± 3.9 vs 20.8 ± 4.0 kg, P = 0.05) were increased. In the present study, different patterns of change in body composition were found. The length of previous dialysis treatment seems to be the most important factor in determining these nutritional modifications.

Nutritional Status in Elderly Gastric Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Since September to December 2001, we investigated the nutritional parameters of 44 elderly patients with gastric carcinoma by measuring anthropometric and biochemical blood indices and assessing dietary intake along with subjective global assessment. RESULTS: The mean body mass index of subjects was below the physical average of korea on the base of 64 years old. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and lipid to energy intake was 74.0:13.5:12.5(%). There were significantly positive correlations between three groups according to subjective global assessment and height, body weight, 1 month weight loss %, 6 month weight loss %, body mass index, transferrin and nutrient intake, such as energy, protein and niacin. CONCLUSION: Mean nutrient intake, such as total energy, protein and niacin appear to be related of subjective global assessment in elderly subjects. Nutritional assessment by nutrient intake should be done in elderly patients with gastric carcinoma and be supplied with adequate nutrition for them.

Some anthropometric - nutritional parameters in public service employees over 45 years of age (2001)

1296 individuals (897 males and 399 females) were measured for their heights, weights, body mass indices, the rate of overweight and obesity, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Results: average height: 160 cm (in male) and 151 cm (in female); average weight: male 60 kg and female 52 kg; WHR>0.9 in male was 50.9% and in female was 32.6%, and among them 2.4% had WHR>1.0. The rate of overweight was 24.6% and obesity was 1.2%

Effects of Low-dose Androgen in Combination with Subcutaneous Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) on Anemia and Nutritional Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

Recombinant human erythropoietin(r-HuEPO) is the mainstay of anemia therapy in patient with end stage renal disease(ESRD), but the use of r-HuEPO is primarily limited by its high cost. So, it encourages any strategies that potentially enhance the erythropoietic response. However, studies designed to assess whether androgens would enhance the response to r-HuEPO were inconclusive. While androgens may be less expensive and may improve several nutritional parameters, their potential adverse effects discourage usage. We carried out a prospective study to examine the effect of low-dose androgen in combination with subcutaneous r-HuEPO on anemia and nutritional paramenters in hemodialysis patients. Twenty-four hemodialysis patients with hematocrit <24% or hemoglobin <8.0g/dL were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A(n=12) received 2000U r-HuEPO subcutaneously twice a week for six months. Group B(n=12) received the same dose of r-HuEPO plus nandrolone decanoate 100mg intramuscularly biweekly. Anthropometry, albumin, cholesterol, prealbumin, and transferrin were measured as nutritional parameters. The groups showed no differences in baseline levels of the followings : Hemoglobin, hematocrit; transferrin saturation; serum ferritin; intact serum parathyroid hormon, Kt/V; vitamin B12, folate; nutritional parameters. At the completion of the study, both groups showed significant increase in hematocrit compared with baseline levels(group A 20.7+/-2.2% to 26.0+/-3.8%; group B : 21.5+/-3.5% to 30.1+/-2.8%). The mean hematocrit in group B was significantly higher than in group A after 4 month study period(p<0.05). Ten of 12 patients in group B achieved a target hematocrit of 30%, as compared with four of 12 patients in group A. Both groups didn't show significant changes in any nutritional parameters. No significant side effects of androgen were noted during this short-term study. We conclude that low-dose androgen in combination with subcutaneous r-HuEPO is effetive treatment on anemia in hemodialysis patients, but does not improve nutritional status.

Relationship between Metabolic Acidosis and Nutritional Parameters in Stable Hemodialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

To evaluate the nutritional status according to the degree of metabolic acidosis(MA) and determine that MA is a risk factor for malnutrition, we screened the laboratory data of 37 hemodialysis(HD) patients who were clinically stable for more than 6 months and taken bioelectrical impedence analysis(BIA) twice 6 months apart to check lean body mass (LBM). Mean age of patients was 49.1+/-15.0 years and sex ratio 1:2.4. Mean serum albumin level was 3.97+/-0.36g/dl and weekly Kt/V and normalized protein catabolic rate(nPCR) were 3.04+/-0.85 and 0.99+/-0.21g/kg/day. According to mean total CO2 content during the periods between BIA, the patients were divided to three groups[group 1(n=16):&18mEq/L, group 2(n=9):18 or =21mEq/L). Group 1 had significantly higher body weight gain than group 2 and 3(1.82+/-1.62 vs. 0.77+/-3.13 and 1.35+/-3.85kg, P<0.05), and higher LBM gain(1.99+/-4.38 vs. 3.35+/-7.99kg, P<0.05), nPCR(1.05+/-0.20 vs. 0.91+/-0.13g/kg/day, P<0.05), intact parathyroid hormone(88.4+/-78.7 vs. 32.0+/-26.5pg/ml, P< 0.05), and phosphate(5.4+/-1.3 vs. 3.9+/-1.3mg/dl, P< 0.05) than group 3. There were no differences in age, serum albumin, BUN, creatinine and weekly Kt/V among three groups. Mean total CO2 level was inversely correlated with body weight gain and LBM gain. In conclusion, metabolic acidosis in stable HD patients may be the result of high protein intake and not related to decrease of body weight by protein catabolism.